Examination of Late Chalcolithic Age's Settlement Pattern and Beginning of The Writing (Uruk) of Malayer of Plain

Khalil ollah Beik Mohammadi

(Archaeology Masters- Instructor of Applied Science Culture and University of Hamedan)

Mohsen Janjan

(Archaeology Expert- Free Researcher, Cultural Heritage of Hamedan Province)

Nasrin Beik Mohammadi

(Archaeology Expert- Free Researcher)

Abstract

Late Chalcolithic Era With The Emergence of Complex Managerial Systems at The Beginning of Widespread Urbanization and Development of Political and Economic Exchanges is Based on Emergence of Line and Writing. At This Era We Observe The Emergence of A Cultural Horizon (The Late of 4 Millennium B.C) in Areas Such as: Goudin, Hesar, Uzbeki, Sialk, Ghabrestan, Shahresokhte, Yahya, Malyan, With Susa Centrality. The Main Source of The Emergence of Complex Societies and Beginning of Writing Era Was Mesopotamia and Consistent With Uruk Era. With The Emergence and Spread of This Culture at Millennium 4 B.C That is Known as Global Uruk System (Algaze,1993), We Observe Development of Exchanges and Trade With A Central Area in The Main Highways of Economic Exchanges. The Era in Larne is Called Proto-Elamite With Influence of Uruk Culture and The Emergence of The Writing System. At The Era We Encounter With Drastic Reduction of The Size of Areas (So That The Extent Of Susa III is Lo Ha) (Alizadeh, 2009). Its Cause is The Emergence of Nomadic Life and Subsistence Economy Based on Ranching (Alizade, 1387), Khansalary Government (Yousefi Zushk, 1389) Based on A Central Government (Susa) and This Claim is Also Provable With The Reduction of  Size and Even Areas Number With Settlement Deposits and Sediments Such As: Earthen Tepe Sofalin (Yousefi Zoshk, 1389) in The Central Plateau and other Points of Iran. Malyayer Plain Also In Late Chalcolithic Era is Encountered With The Reduction of Establishment. The Areas of The Plain in Late Chalcolithic are Affected by Uruk Culture and Influence of Culture, Gyan and Goudin Tepe V, VI and To This Reason Studied Research is Based Two Chronological Areas and is Analyzed. Data Recording and Analysis Has Been Done Using GIS.

Keywords:

Cultural Horizon, Late Chalcolithic, Writing Beginning, Uruk, Proto-Elamite, Malayer.

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